job task analysis

 

анализ рабочего задания
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

Тематики

• энергетика в целом

EN

• job task analysis

1) Военный термин: оценка выполняемой работы

2) Техника: анализ выполняемой задачи

3) Менеджмент: анализ выполняемых задач

4) Химическое оружие: анализ рабочего задания

[əˈnæləsɪs]

accounts analysis анализ статей баланса ad hoc analysis анализ специального вида analysis (pl -ses) анализ analysis анализ analysis исследование analysis подробное рассмотрение analysis психоанализ analysis грам. разбор; sentence analysis синтаксический разбор analysis хим. разложение analysis of accounts ревизия счетов analysis of balance sheet анализ балансового отчета analysis of economic trends полит.эк. анализ экономических тенденций analysis of profitability анализ прибыльности analysis of variance стат. дисперсионный анализ authorized program analysis вчт. санкционированный анализ программы backwarderror analysis вчт. обратный анализ ошибок balance sheet analysis анализ балансового отчета bayesian analysis байесовский анализ best-route analysis вчт. анализ оптимального маршрута bottom-up analysis восходящий анализ breakeven analysis анализ безубыточности bus state analysis вчт. анализ состояния шины cash flow analysis анализ движения денежной наличности cash flow analysis анализ движения ликвидности circulation analysis анализ распространения информации cluster analysis анализ путем разбиения на группы cluster analysis группирование cluster analysis стат. кастерный анализ cluster analysis классификация cluster analysis вчт. кластерный анализ comparative external analysis сравнительное наружное обследование complex analysis вчт. комплексный анализ congestion analysis вчт. анализ системы массового обслуживания correlation analysis корреляционный анализ cost analysis анализ затрат cost-benefit analysis (CBA) анализ затрат и результатов cost-benefit analysis (CBA) межотраслевой анализ covariance analysis ковариационный анализ critical path analysis анализ методом критического пути cross-section analysis стат. структурный анализ cross-sectional analysis статический анализ decision-flow analysis вчт. анализ потока решений differential analysis дифференциальный анализ discontinuance analysis анализ причин прекращения производства discriminant analysis дискриминантный анализ dynamic analysis динамический анализ economic analysis экономический анализ (например, экономический анализ деревенской бедности в развивающихся странах) economic analysis экономический анализ error analysis вчт. анализ погрешностей extrapolative analysis экстраполятивный анализ factor analysis факторный анализ factorial analysis факторный анализ failure tree analysis вчт. анализ дерева отказов feasibility analysis анализ осуществимости financial analysis анализ финансового состояния flow analysis анализ потоков данных functional analysis функциональный анализ funds flow analysis анализ источников и использования средств funds flow analysis отчет об источниках и использовании средств game-theoretic analysis теоретико- игровой анализ graphical analysis графический анализ impact analysis анализ влияния факторов in the last (или final) analysis в конечном счете incoming orders analysis анализ поступающих заказов incremental analysis анализ приращений invariant analysis инвариантный анализ investment analysis анализ капиталовложений job analysis анализ вида работы job analysis изучение особенностей работы job analysis изучение трудовых операций layout analysis анализ топологии least-squares analysis анализ методом наименьших квадратов linear analysis линейный анализ linear programming analysis анализ методом линейного программирования liquidity analysis анализ ликвидности logistic analysis логистический анализ market analysis анализ рынка marketing analysis анализ сбыта markovian analysis марковский анализ matrix analysis матричный анализ means-ends analysis анализ цели-средства media analysis анализ рекламной деятельности motivational analysis исследование мотиваций motivational analysis мотивационный анализ multiple factor analysis многофакторный анализ multivariate statistical analysis многомерный статистический анализ needs analysis анализ потребностей network analysis сетевой анализ (частный случай системного анализа) network analysis сетевой анализ numerical analysis вчт. численный анализ occupational analysis анализ профессии (описание выполняемых задач и операций) operations analysis анализ производственного процесса по операциям operations analysis исследование операций organizational analysis организационный анализ parameter analysis анализ изменения параметров parameter variation analysis вчт. анализ изменения параметров partial analysis частичный анализ peak hour analysis анализ пикового периода period analysis анализ последовательностей periodogram analysis анализ периодических зависимостей perspective analysis перспективный анализ postoptimality analysis анализ после нахождения оптимального решения probabilistic analysis вероятностный анализ production analysis анализ производства profitability analysis анализ рентабельности protocol analysis протокольный анализ proximate analysis приближенный анализ quadratic analysis квадратический анализ qualitative analysis качественный анализ quantitative analysis количественный анализ quasilinear analysis квазилинейный анализ queueing analysis анализ системы массового обслуживания ranging analysis классификационный анализ regresslon analysis регрессионный анализ relevance analysis анализ важности факторов response analysis анализ ответов risk analysis анализ степени риска sales analysis анализ возможностей сбыта sales order analysis анализ заказов на закупку scenary analysis анализ сцен scene analysis вчт. анализ изображений security analysis изучение финансовой деятельности компании analysis грам. разбор; sentence analysis синтаксический разбор sequence analysis вчт. анализ последовательностей share analysis анализ акций short-period analysis анализ за короткий период времени simulation analysis исследование методом моделирования skill analysis анализ квалификации socio-economic analysis социально-экономический анализ spectral analysis спектральный анализ statistic analysis статистический анализ statistical analysis статистический анализ structural analysis структурный анализ syntax analysis синтаксический анализ systems analysis анализ систем tabular analysis анализ табличных данных task analysis анализ рабочего задания technical analysis технический анализ time-series analysis анализ временных рядов top-down analysis нисходящий анализ trace analysis анализ кривых transverse analysis поперечный анализ trend analysis анализ тренда value analysis стоимостно-функциональный анализ variance analysis дисперсионный анализ variance analysis выч. дисперсионный анализ wave analysis гармоничный анализ wave-form analysis гармоничный анализ work load analysis анализ рабочей нагрузки

- analysis of accounts

- analysis of corporate cash flows

- analysis of observation

- ABC analysis

- accelerator-multiplier analysis

- activity analysis

- activity analysis of production and allocation

- balance sheet analysis

- Bayesian analysis

- benefit-cost analysis

- benefit-risk analysis

- best-route analysis

- break-even analysis

- budget analysis

- business analysis

- check analysis

- cluster analysis

- cobweb analysis

- cohort analysis

- cohort disaggregation analysis

- cohort survival analysis

- complaint analysis

- congestion analysis

- convex analysis

- correlation analysis

- cost analysis

- cost-benefit analysis

- cost-effectiveness analysis

- cost-performance analysis

- cost-sensitivity analysis

- cost-utility analysis

- cost-volume-profit analysis

- covariance analysis

- cross-impact analysis

- cross-sectional analysis

- current population analysis

- decision-flow analysis

- discounted cash flow analysis

- discriminant analysis

- discriminatory analysis

- disequilibrium analysis

- dynamic analysis

- empirical analysis

- end-point analysis

- equilibrium analysis

- error analysis

- ex ante analysis

- ex post analysis

- express analysis

- factorial analysis

- family analysis

- farm budget analysis

- feasibility analysis

- feed analysis

- fertility analysis

- field analysis

- field return analysis

- film analysis

- financial analysis

- flow-of-funds analysis

- fundamental analysis

- game-theoretic analysis

- gap analysis

- household analysis

- impact analysis

- income analysis

- income-expenditure analysis

- indifference curve analysis

- industrial analysis

- input-output analysis

- interaction analysis

- invariant analysis

- inventory analysis

- job analysis

- job safety analysis

- least-squares analysis

- linear analysis

- linear programming analysis

- longitudinal analysis

- long-run analysis

- macroeconomic analysis

- maintainability analysis

- maintenance analysis

- marginal analysis

- measure analysis

- microeconomic analysis

- micromotion analysis

- model analysis

- money-flow analysis

- motion analysis

- motion time analysis

- multiplier analysis

- multistage analysis

- multivariate statistical analysis

- needs analysis

- network analysis

- operating analysis

- operating cost analysis

- operations analysis

- order analysis

- organization analysis

- overhead analysis

- parameter analysis

- performance analysis

- performance degradation analysis

- periodic analysis

- periodogram analysis

- pilot analysis

- policy analysis

- population analysis

- portfolio analysis

- postoptimality analysis

- priority analysis

- process analysis

- prospective analysis

- quadratic analysis

- quality cost analysis

- queueing analysis

- ranging analysis

- ratio analysis

- regulatory impact analysis

- relevance analysis

- reliability variation analysis

- risk analysis

- safety analysis

- sales analysis

- sampling analysis

- savings-investment analysis

- scrap-cost analysis

- seasonal analysis

- security analysis

- sensitivity analysis

- sequence analysis

- short-run analysis

- simulation analysis

- skills analysis

- standardized analysis

- stock analysis

- successive analysis

- supply analysis

- tabular analysis

- task analysis

- team analysis

- technical analysis

- therblig analysis

- time analysis

- time-series analysis

- trade-off analysis

- transverse analysis

- trend analysis

- utility analysis

- variability analysis

- variance analysis

- volumetric analysis

- worst-case analysis

job [dʒɒb]

1. noun

   a. ( = piece of work) travail m

• I've got a little job for you j'ai un petit travail pour vous

• he has made a good job of it il a fait du bon travail

• it's not ideal but it'll do the job (inf) ce n'est pas l'idéal mais cela fera l'affaire

• we could have done a far better job of running the project than they have on aurait pu gérer ce projet beaucoup mieux qu'eux

   b. ( = employment) emploi m

• to get a job trouver un emploi

• to look for a job chercher un emploi

• to lose one's job perdre son emploi

• a job as a librarian un emploi de bibliothécaire

• teaching jobs emplois mpl dans l'enseignement

• he's got a holiday job il a un petit boulot (inf) pour les vacances

• to be out of a job être au chômage

• 7,000 jobs lost 7 000 suppressions d'emplois

• on-the-job training (formal) formation f dans l'entreprise ; (informal) formation f sur le tas

• jobs for the boys (inf) (British) des boulots pour les copains (inf)

   c. ( = duty) travail m

• it's not my job to supervise him ce n'est pas à moi de contrôler ce qu'il fait

• he's only doing his job il ne fait que son travail

• he knows his job il connaît son affaire

• that's not his job ce n'est pas son travail

• I had the job of telling them c'est moi qui ai dû le leur dire

   d. ( = state of affairs) it's a good job he managed to meet you c'est une chance qu'il ait pu vous rencontrer

• and a good job too! à la bonne heure !

• to give sth up as a bad job renoncer à qch en désespoir de cause

• this is just the job (inf) (British) c'est exactement ce qu'il faut

   e. ( = difficult time) to have a job to do sth avoir du mal à faire qch

• you'll have a job to convince him! vous aurez du mal à le convaincre !

   f. ( = robbery) (inf) to do a job faire un coup

• a put-up job un coup monté

2. compounds

► job centre noun (British) ≈ ANPE f, ≈ Agence f nationale pour l'emploi

► job club noun (British) club m d'entraide pour chômeurs

► job creation noun création f d'emplois

► job creation scheme noun plan m de création d'emplois

► job description noun description f de poste

► job lot noun lot m d'articles divers

► job offer noun offre f d'emploi

► job queue noun [of printer] file f d'attente

► job satisfaction noun satisfaction f au travail

► job security noun sécurité f de l'emploi

► job seeker noun (British) demandeur m, - euse f d'emploi

► job seeker's allowance noun (British) allocation f de demandeur d'emploi

► job-share (British) noun partage m de poste intransitive verb

► job sharing noun partage m de poste

► job title noun intitulé m de poste

* * *

1) ( employment) emploi m; ( post) poste m

2) ( rôle) fonction f

3) ( duty) travail m

4) ( task) travail m

5) ( assignment) tâche f

6) ( result of work)

7) (colloq) ( difficult activity)

8) (colloq) (crime, theft) coup (colloq) m

9) Computing job (colloq) m

noun modifier [ advert, offer] d'emploi; [ analysis] de poste; [ pages] des emplois; [ creation] d'emplois

••

job

A n

1 ( employment) emploi m ; ( post) poste m ; to look for/get a job chercher/trouver un emploi ; to give sb a job donner un emploi à qn ; to give up/keep one's job quitter/conserver son emploi ; a job in a bookshop/an office un emploi dans une librairie/un bureau ; a teaching/civil service job un poste d'enseignant/de fonctionnaire ; to have a good job avoir un bon poste ; what's her job? qu'est-ce qu'elle fait (comme travail)? ; to have a job as a secretary/in local government être employé comme secrétaire/dans l'administration locale ; to be out of a job être sans emploi ; we'll all be out of a job nous nous retrouverons tous sans emploi ;

2 ( rôle) fonction f ; the job of the curator is to… la fonction du conservateur est de… ; the job of the heart/liver is to… la fonction du cœur/du foie est de… ; to have the job of doing avoir pour fonction de faire ; it's the jury's/my job to do c'est au jury/à moi de faire ;

3 ( duty) travail m ; her main job is to… son travail principal consiste à… ; she's only doing her job elle ne fait que son travail ;

4 ( task) travail m, boulot ○ m ; to find/have a job for sb to do trouver/avoir du travail or un boulot ○ pour qn ; to do odd jobs around the house faire des bricoles ○ dans la maison ;

5 ( assignment) ( of company) projet m ; ( of individual) tâche f ; to do a job for the local council exécuter un projet pour le conseil municipal ; the next job is to convince him la tâche suivante consistera à le convaincre ; to have the job of doing avoir la tâche de faire ; the job of building the theatre went to X la construction du théâtre a été confiée à X ;

6 ( result of work to do) a good/poor/lovely job du bon/du mauvais/de l'excellent travail ; to make a good job of doing sth faire du bon travail en faisant qch ; you've made a good job of the chair tu as fait du bon travail avec la chaise ; you haven't made a very good job of it tu n'as pas fait du très bon travail ;

7 ○ ( difficult activity) a real job, quite a job toute une affaire ○ (to do, doing de faire) ; we had a real job on there! on ne s'est pas amusés! ;

8 ○ (crime, theft) coup ○ m ; to do ou pull off a job faire un coup ○ ; bank job attaque f de banque ; to do a bank job dévaliser une banque ;

9 Comput travail m, job ○ m ;

10 ○ ( thing) truc ○ m ;

11 ○ ( plastic surgery) to have a nose job se faire refaire le nez.

B modif [advert, offer, opportunities, title] d'emploi ; [analysis, evaluation, specification] de poste ; [pages, supplement] des emplois ; [creation, cuts, losses] d'emplois.

C vi

1 ( do casual work) faire des petits travaux ;

2 ( do piece-work) travailler à la tâche.

(and a) good job too! GB et c'est une bonne chose! ; it's a good job that GB heureusement que ; jobs for the boys des planques ○ pour les copains ; just the job tout à fait ce qu'il faut ; to do a big job ○ faire caca ○ ; on the job ( working) au travail or boulot ○ ; to learn on the job apprendre sur le tas ; to lie down ou fall asleep on the job s'endormir à la tâche ; to be on the job ○ GB hum être en train de faire l'amour ; to do the job fig faire l'affaire ; to give sth/sb up as a bad job GB laisser tomber qch/qn ; to make the best of a bad job GB faire contre mauvaise fortune bon cœur ; ⇒ on-the-job.

job [dʒɒb]

travail ⇒ 1 (a)-(c), 1 (f) tâche ⇒ 1 (a) emploi ⇒ 1 (c) mal ⇒ 1 (d) faire des petits travaux ⇒ 2 (a) travailler à la tâche ⇒ 2 (b)

(pt & pp jobbed, cont jobbing)

1 noun

(a) (piece of work, task) travail m, tâche f;

∎ the job took longer than expected le travail a pris plus longtemps qu'on ne pensait;

∎ to do its job (medicine, alcohol) faire son effet;

∎ to do the job faire l'affaire;

∎ figurative it's not perfect, but it does the job ce n'est pas parfait, mais ça fait l'affaire;

∎ if that ointment doesn't do the job si cette pommade n'a pas d'effet;

∎ to make a good job of sth bien réussir qch;

∎ she made a good job of fixing the car elle s'en est bien sortie pour réparer la voiture;

∎ it's quite a difficult job (to do sth) c'est tout un travail (que de faire qch);

∎ figurative to lie down or fall down on the job (avoid working) tirer au flanc;

∎ on a job en déplacement;

∎ familiar to be on the job (be having sex) faire une partie de jambes en l'air;

∎ this shelf isn't strong or good enough for the job cette étagère ne tiendra pas le coup;

∎ to do odd jobs faire des petits travaux, bricoler à droite et à gauche;

∎ Industry it's a precision job c'est un travail de précision;

∎ familiar the car has had a paint job la bagnole a été repeinte;

∎ he's done a good job of work il a fait du bon boulot

(b) (responsibility, duty) travail m;

∎ they are only doing their job ils ne font que leur travail;

∎ I was given the job of breaking the bad news c'est à moi que la tâche est revenue ou c'est moi qui ai été chargé d'annoncer la mauvaise nouvelle;

∎ it's my job to… je suis chargé de…, c'est mon travail de…;

∎ it's my job to remind her c'est à moi de le lui rappeler;

∎ that's not your job ce n'est pas votre travail, ce n'est pas à vous de faire ça;

∎ I make it my job to… je me charge de…;

∎ I'll have the job of clearing it all up later c'est moi qui serai obligé de ranger ou qui devrai ranger tout ça plus tard;

∎ this muscle has the job of… le rôle de ce muscle est de…;

∎ that's not part of his job ça n'entre pas dans ses fonctions, ça ne fait pas partie de son travail ou de ses attributions

(c) (employment, post) emploi m, travail m;

∎ to find a job trouver un emploi ou du travail;

∎ to look for a job chercher un emploi ou du travail;

∎ to be out of a job être sans emploi ou sans travail;

∎ what kind of job does she do? qu'est-ce qu'elle fait comme travail?;

∎ to create (new) jobs créer des emplois, créer de nouveaux emplois;

∎ she knows her job elle connaît son travail ou son affaire ou son métier;

∎ to give up one's job, to resign from one's job démissionner;

∎ Industry five hundred jobs were lost or axed il y a eu cinq cents suppressions d'emplois, cinq cents emplois ou postes ont été supprimés;

∎ it's more than my job's worth ça serait risquer de perdre mon emploi, ça ne vaut pas la peine de perdre mon emploi pour ça;

∎ British familiar to give jobs to the boys placer ses copains;

∎ British familiar it's jobs for the boys les boulots vont directement aux copains

(d) (difficulty, trouble)

∎ to have (quite) a job doing or to do sth avoir du mal à faire qch;

∎ it was quite a job getting her to come at all ça a déjà été difficile de la convaincre de venir;

∎ familiar she had the devil of a job doing it elle a eu tout le mal du monde ou un mal de tous les diables ou un mal fou à faire cela;

∎ familiar they've got a real job on their hands with that baby ils ont du pain sur la planche avec ce bébé;

∎ it's a job and a half c'est un sacré boulot

(e) familiar crime slang (robbery) coup m;

∎ to do a job monter un coup;

∎ they did that bank job ils ont monté le coup de la banque

(f) Computing travail m;

∎ job control gestion f des travaux

(g) familiar (thing)

∎ that TV is a really nice job cette télé, c'est du beau travail;

∎ his car is the red job parked on the corner sa voiture, c'est le bel engin rouge qui est garé au coin

(h) British familiar (excrement) caca m;

∎ the baby has done a big job le bébé a fait un gros caca

(i) figurative (phrases) British

∎ it's a good job (that)… heureusement que… + indicative, c'est heureux que… + subjunctive;

∎ British familiar he got what he deserved, (and) a good job too! il a eu ce qu'il méritait, et c'est tant mieux ou c'est bien fait pour lui ou j'en suis très heureux!;

∎ the make-up department did a good job (on him) les maquilleurs se sont surpassés;

∎ you've done a really good job tu as vraiment fait du bon travail;

∎ that's just the job c'est exactement ce qu'il faut;

∎ to give sb/sth up as a bad job laisser tomber qn/qch qui n'en vaut pas la peine;

∎ we decided to make the best of a bad job nous avons décidé de faire avec ce que nous avions;

∎ familiar to do a job on a car (wreck) bousiller une voiture;

∎ familiar to do a job on sb (beat up) tabasser qn;

∎ that journalist did a real job on him ce journaliste l'a descendu en flammes ou l'a vraiment soigné

2 intransitive verb

(a) (do small jobs) faire des petits travaux, bricoler

(b) (do piecework) travailler à la tâche ou à la pièce

(c) British Commerce

∎ he jobs in used cars il revend des voitures d'occasion

3 transitive verb

(a) British Stock Exchange négocier;

∎ she jobs government securities elle négocie des fonds d'État

(b) American familiar (swindle) arnaquer, truander; (betray) vendre

►► job analysis analyse f des tâches ou du travail;

job assignment assignation f des tâches;

job classification classification f des emplois;

British job club = association f d'aide aux personnes sans emploi;

job creation création f d'emplois;

job creation scheme programme m de création d'emplois;

job description description f de poste;

∎ that's not in my job description ça ne fait pas partie de mon travail;

job design conception f des tâches;

job enrichment enrichissement m des tâches;

Administration job evaluation analyse f des postes;

job hunting recherche f d'un emploi;

∎ to go/to be job hunting aller/être à la recherche d'un emploi;

job losses suppressions fpl d'emplois;

British Commerce job lot lot m;

∎ a job lot of books des livres en vrac, un lot de livres;

∎ to buy/sell sth as a job lot acheter/vendre qch en lot ou en vrac;

job offer offre f d'emploi;

job opportunities perspectives fpl d'emploi, débouchés mpl;

British Computing job queue file f d'attente des tâches;

job satisfaction satisfaction f professionnelle;

job security sécurité f de l'emploi;

job sharing partage m d'emploi;

job specification, familiar job spec description f d'emploi;

job title titre m (de fonction)

➲ job out separable transitive verb

sous-traiter;

∎ they jobbed out the work to three different firms ils ont confié le travail à trois sous-traitants

1) (piece of work)

2) (position of employment) Stelle, die; Anstellung, die; Job, der (ugs.)

3) (sl.): (crime) [krummes] Ding (ugs.)

4) (result of work) Ergebnis, das

5) (coll.): (difficult task) [schönes] Stück Arbeit

6) (state of affairs)

* * *

1) (a person's daily work or employment: She has a job as a bank-clerk; Some of the unemployed men have been out of a job for four years.) die Arbeit

2) (a piece of work or a task: I have several jobs to do before going to bed.) die Aufgabe

•

- give up as a bad job

* * *

[ʤɒb, AM ʤɑ:b]

I. n

1. (employment) Stelle f, SCHWEIZ, ÖSTERR a. Anstellung f, Job m fam

250 \jobs will be lost if the factory closes wenn die Fabrik schließt, gehen 250 Arbeitslätze verloren

it's more than my \job's worth to give you the file BRIT ( fam) ich riskiere meinen Job, wenn ich dir die Akte gebe

full-time/part-time \job Vollzeit-/Teilzeitstelle f

he has a part-time \job [working] in a bakery er arbeitet halbtags in einer Bäckerei

holiday/Saturday job Ferien-/Samstagsjob m

nine-to-five \job Achtstundentag m

steady \job feste Stelle

to apply for a \job [with sb/sth] sich akk um eine Stelle [bei jdm/etw] bewerben

to be out of a \job arbeitslos sein

to create new \jobs neue Arbeitsplätze [o Stellen] schaffen

to get a \job as sth eine Stelle [o SCHWEIZ, ÖSTERR a. Anstellung] als etw bekommen

to give up one's \job kündigen

to hold down a regular \job einer geregelten Arbeit nachgehen

to know one's \job sein Handwerk verstehen

to lose one's \job seinen Arbeitsplatz [o seine Stelle] verlieren

on the \job während [o bei] der Arbeit

2. (piece of work) Arbeit f; (task) Aufgabe f

the living room badly needs a paint \job ( fam) das Wohnzimmer müsste dringend gestrichen werden

will you be able to carry the shopping home, or will it have to be a car \job? ( fam) kannst du die Einkäufe nach Hause tragen, oder brauchst du das Auto?

[to be] just the man/woman for the \job genau der/die Richtige dafür [sein]

breast \job ( fam: enlargement) Brustvergrößerung f

to have a breast \job ( fam) sich dat den Busen vergrößern lassen

nose \job ( fam) Nasenkorrektur f

to have a nose \job ( fam) sich dat die Nase operieren [o fam machen] lassen

to make a bad/good \job of doing sth bei etw dat schlechte/gute/hervorragende Arbeit leisten

they've made a terrible \job of the bath room sie haben beim Bad unheimlich gepfuscht

he's made a poor \job of promoting her course er hat nicht gut für den Kurs geworben

he's made an excellent \job of convincing her er hat bei ihr hervorragende Überzeugungsarbeit geleistet

to do a good \job gute Arbeit leisten

good \job! gute Arbeit!, gut gemacht!

to have an important \job to do etwas Wichtiges zu erledigen haben

3. ( fam: object) Ding nt fam

my car's that red sports \job mein Wagen ist der rote Flitzer dort

4. (sl: crime) Ding nt fam

to do [or pull] a \job ein Ding drehen fam

5. no pl (duty) Aufgabe f

she's only doing her \job sie tut nur ihre Pflicht

that's not my \job das ist nicht meine Aufgabe, dafür bin ich nicht zuständig

concentrate on the \job in hand konzentriere dich auf deine momentane Aufgabe

it's not my \job to tell you how to run your life, but... es geht mich zwar nichts an [o es ist deine Sache], wie du dein Leben regelst, aber...

6. no pl (problem)

it is [quite] a \job doing [or to do] sth es ist [gar] nicht [so] einfach, etw zu tun

it was quite a \job das war gar nicht so einfach

▪ to have [quite] a \job doing sth [ziemliche] Schwierigkeiten [damit] haben, etw zu tun

I had [quite] a \job taking die alternator out es war [gar] nicht [so] einfach, die Lichtmaschine auszubauen

you'll have a \job das wird nicht einfach

7. COMM (order) Auftrag m

8. COMPUT Job m fachspr

▶ \job for the boys BRIT ( pej fam) unter der Hand vergebene Arbeit

▶ to do the \job den Zweck erfüllen

this bag should do the \job diese Tasche müsste es tun fam

▶ to do a big/little \job ( childspeak) ein großes/kleines Geschäft machen euph fam

▶ to do a \job on sb ( fam) jdn reinlegen [o übers Ohr hauen] fam

▶ to give sth/sb up as a bad \job ( fam) etw/jdn aufgeben

▶ what [or it is] a good \job that... ( fam) so ein Glück [o nur gut], dass...

that's a good \job! ( fam) so ein Glück!

▶ to be just the \job BRIT ( fam) genau das Richtige sein

▶ to be on the \job BRIT (sl) eine Nummer schieben sl

II. vt

1. AM ( fam: cheat)

▪ to \job sb jdn reinlegen [o übers Ohr hauen] fam

2. STOCKEX

to \job stocks mit Aktien handeln

III. vi

1. (do casual work) jobben fam

2. STOCKEX als Broker tätig sein

* * *

n (BIBL)

* * *

job [dʒɒb; US dʒɒb]

A s

1. (einzelne) Arbeit:

a) bei der Arbeit sein,

b) in Aktion sein (Maschine etc),

c) Br vulg gerade eine Nummer machen oder schieben (koitieren);

do a good job gute Arbeit leisten;

it was quite a job es war eine Heidenarbeit umg;

do a job of work Br umg ganze Arbeit leisten;

I had a job doing ( oder to do) it es war gar nicht so einfach (für mich), das zu tun;

make a good (bad) job of sth etwas gut (schlecht) machen;

job order Arbeitsauftrag m;

job production Einzel(an)fertigung f;

job simplification Arbeitsvereinfachung f;

job ticket Arbeitsauftrag m, -laufzettel m; → odd A 9

2. auch job work WIRTSCH Stück-, Akkordarbeit f:

by the job im Akkord;

job time Akkordzeit f;

job wage(s pl) Akkordlohn m

3. a) Beschäftigung f, Stellung f, Stelle f, Arbeit f, Job m

b) Arbeitsplatz m:

out of a job arbeits-, stellungslos;

job analysis Arbeitsplatzanalyse f;

job centre Br Arbeitsamt n;

job classification US Berufsklassifizierung f;

job control US gewerkschaftliche Einflussnahme auf die Personalpolitik (einer Firma);

job creation Arbeits(platz)beschaffung f, Beschaffung f von Arbeitsplätzen;

job-creation program(me) ( oder scheme) Arbeitsbeschaffungsprogramm n;

job description Tätigkeits-, Arbeits(platz)beschreibung f;

job discrimination Benachteiligung f im Arbeitsleben;

job enlargement Ausweitung f des Tätigkeitsbereiches;

job evaluation (US a. rating) Arbeits(platz)bewertung f;

job interview Einstellungsgespräch n;

job killer Jobkiller m;

computers are job killers Computer vernichten Arbeitsplätze;

job maintenance Erhaltung f der Arbeitsplätze;

job market Arbeits-, Stellenmarkt m;

job opportunities Arbeitsmöglichkeiten;

job profile Anforderungsprofil n;

job rotation Jobrotation f (das Durchlaufen der verschiedenen Arbeitsbereiche eines Unternehmens);

job satisfaction Zufriedenheit f am Arbeitsplatz;

job security Sicherheit f des Arbeitsplatzes;

job seeker → job hunter;

job sharing Jobsharing n (Aufteilung eines Arbeitsplatzes unter mehrere Personen);

job specification US Arbeits(platz)-, Tätigkeitsbeschreibung f;

job tenure Dauer f der Betriebszugehörigkeit;

know one’s job seine Sache verstehen; → boy A 1

4. Sache f:

a) Aufgabe f, Pflicht f:

it is your job (to do it) das ist deine Sache

b) Geschmack m:

this is not everybody’s job das ist nicht jedermanns Sache, das liegt nicht jedem

5. IT Job m (bestimmte Aufgabenstellung)

6. umg Sache f, Angelegenheit f:

that’s a good job! so ein Glück!;

he’s gone, and a good job too! er ist Gott sei Dank weg!;

it’s a good job I saw you wie oder nur gut, dass ich dich sah;

a) gute Miene zum bösen Spiel machen,

b) das Beste daraus machen;

give up on sth as a bad job etwas als hoffnungslos aufgeben;

just the job genau das Richtige

7. umg

a) Schiebung f, krumme Tour, besonders Amtsmissbrauch m

b) Ding n, krumme Sache:

bank job Bankraub m, -überfall m;

catch sb on the job jemanden auf frischer Tat ertappen;

a) jemanden zusammenschlagen,

b) fig jemanden kaputtmachen;

pull a job ein Ding drehen

8. umg

a) Ding n, Apparat m:

that new car of yours is a beautiful job dein neuer Wagen sieht klasse aus umg

b) Nummer f, Typ m (Person):

he is a tough job er ist ein unangenehmer Kerl

9. pl US

a) beschädigte Ware(n pl), besonders Remittenden pl (Bücher)

b) Ladenhüter pl

B v/i

1. Gelegenheitsarbeiten machen, jobben

2. (im) Akkord arbeiten

3. Börse: Br als Jobber tätig sein:

job in handeln mit

4. US an der Börse spekulieren

5. umg schieben, Schiebungen machen, besonders sein Amt oder seine Stellung missbrauchen

C v/t

1. auch job out Arbeit

a) in Auftrag geben,

b) im Akkord vergeben

2. US an der Börse spekulieren mit

3. job sb into a post umg jemandem einen Posten zuschanzen

* * *

1) (piece of work)

2) (position of employment) Stelle, die; Anstellung, die; Job, der (ugs.)

3) (sl.): (crime) [krummes] Ding (ugs.)

4) (result of work) Ergebnis, das

5) (coll.): (difficult task) [schönes] Stück Arbeit

6) (state of affairs)

* * *

Hiobsbotschaft f.

анализ, исследование, подробное рассмотрение - critical * критический анализ;
- * of variance (математика) дисперсионный анализ результаты анализа, исследования (грамматика) разбор - sentence * синтаксический разбор психоанализ - to be under * подвергаться психоанализу;
лечиться психоанализом аналитический метод, анализ - spectral * спектральный анализ алгебраический анализ математический анализ, дифференциальное и интегральное исчисление( химическое) разложение, анализ - qualitative * качественный анализ (бухгалтерское) метод расчета > in the last * в конечном счете, в конце концов

accounts ~ анализ статей баланса

ad hoc ~ анализ специального вида

analysis (pl -ses) анализ ~ анализ ~ исследование ~ подробное рассмотрение ~ психоанализ ~ грам. разбор;
sentence analysis синтаксический разбор ~ хим. разложение

~ of accounts ревизия счетов

~ of balance sheet анализ балансового отчета

~ of economic trends полит.эк. анализ экономических тенденций

~ of profitability анализ прибыльности

~ of variance стат. дисперсионный анализ

authorized program ~ вчт. санкционированный анализ программы

backwarderror ~ вчт. обратный анализ ошибок

balance sheet ~ анализ балансового отчета

bayesian ~ байесовский анализ

best-route ~ вчт. анализ оптимального маршрута

bottom-up ~ восходящий анализ

breakeven ~ анализ безубыточности

bus state ~ вчт. анализ состояния шины

cash flow ~ анализ движения денежной наличности cash flow ~ анализ движения ликвидности

circulation ~ анализ распространения информации

cluster ~ анализ путем разбиения на группы cluster ~ группирование cluster ~ стат. кастерный анализ cluster ~ классификация cluster ~ вчт. кластерный анализ

comparative external ~ сравнительное наружное обследование

complex ~ вчт. комплексный анализ

congestion ~ вчт. анализ системы массового обслуживания

correlation ~ корреляционный анализ

cost ~ анализ затрат

cost-benefit ~ (CBA) анализ затрат и результатов cost-benefit ~ (CBA) межотраслевой анализ

covariance ~ ковариационный анализ

critical path ~ анализ методом критического пути

cross-section ~ стат. структурный анализ

cross-sectional ~ статический анализ

decision-flow ~ вчт. анализ потока решений

differential ~ дифференциальный анализ

discontinuance ~ анализ причин прекращения производства

discriminant ~ дискриминантный анализ

dynamic ~ динамический анализ

economic ~ экономический анализ (например, экономический анализ деревенской бедности в развивающихся странах) economic ~ экономический анализ

error ~ вчт. анализ погрешностей

extrapolative ~ экстраполятивный анализ

factor ~ факторный анализ

factorial ~ факторный анализ

failure tree ~ вчт. анализ дерева отказов

feasibility ~ анализ осуществимости

financial ~ анализ финансового состояния

flow ~ анализ потоков данных

functional ~ функциональный анализ

funds flow ~ анализ источников и использования средств funds flow ~ отчет об источниках и использовании средств

game-theoretic ~ теоретико- игровой анализ

graphical ~ графический анализ

impact ~ анализ влияния факторов

in the last (или final) ~ в конечном счете

incoming orders ~ анализ поступающих заказов

incremental ~ анализ приращений

invariant ~ инвариантный анализ

investment ~ анализ капиталовложений

job ~ анализ вида работы job ~ изучение особенностей работы job ~ изучение трудовых операций

layout ~ анализ топологии

least-squares ~ анализ методом наименьших квадратов

linear ~ линейный анализ

linear programming ~ анализ методом линейного программирования

liquidity ~ анализ ликвидности

logistic ~ логистический анализ

market ~ анализ рынка

marketing ~ анализ сбыта

markovian ~ марковский анализ

matrix ~ матричный анализ

means-ends ~ анализ цели-средства

media ~ анализ рекламной деятельности

motivational ~ исследование мотиваций motivational ~ мотивационный анализ

multiple factor ~ многофакторный анализ

multivariate statistical ~ многомерный статистический анализ

needs ~ анализ потребностей

network ~ сетевой анализ (частный случай системного анализа) network ~ сетевой анализ

numerical ~ вчт. численный анализ

occupational ~ анализ профессии (описание выполняемых задач и операций)

operations ~ анализ производственного процесса по операциям operations ~ исследование операций

organizational ~ организационный анализ

parameter ~ анализ изменения параметров

parameter variation ~ вчт. анализ изменения параметров

partial ~ частичный анализ

peak hour ~ анализ пикового периода

period ~ анализ последовательностей

periodogram ~ анализ периодических зависимостей

perspective ~ перспективный анализ

postoptimality ~ анализ после нахождения оптимального решения

probabilistic ~ вероятностный анализ

production ~ анализ производства

profitability ~ анализ рентабельности

protocol ~ протокольный анализ

proximate ~ приближенный анализ

quadratic ~ квадратический анализ

qualitative ~ качественный анализ

quantitative ~ количественный анализ

quasilinear ~ квазилинейный анализ

queueing ~ анализ системы массового обслуживания

ranging ~ классификационный анализ

regresslon ~ регрессионный анализ

relevance ~ анализ важности факторов

response ~ анализ ответов

risk ~ анализ степени риска

sales ~ анализ возможностей сбыта

sales order ~ анализ заказов на закупку

scenary ~ анализ сцен

scene ~ вчт. анализ изображений

security ~ изучение финансовой деятельности компании

~ грам. разбор;
sentence analysis синтаксический разбор

sequence ~ вчт. анализ последовательностей

share ~ анализ акций

short-period ~ анализ за короткий период времени

simulation ~ исследование методом моделирования

skill ~ анализ квалификации

socio-economic ~ социально-экономический анализ

spectral ~ спектральный анализ

statistic ~ статистический анализ

statistical ~ статистический анализ

structural ~ структурный анализ

syntax ~ синтаксический анализ

systems ~ анализ систем

tabular ~ анализ табличных данных

task ~ анализ рабочего задания

technical ~ технический анализ

time-series ~ анализ временных рядов

top-down ~ нисходящий анализ

trace ~ анализ кривых

transverse ~ поперечный анализ

trend ~ анализ тренда

value ~ стоимостно-функциональный анализ

variance ~ дисперсионный анализ variance ~ выч. дисперсионный анализ

wave ~ гармоничный анализ

wave-form ~ гармоничный анализ

work load ~ анализ рабочей нагрузки

1) (a person's daily work or employment: She has a job as a bank-clerk; Some of the unemployed men have been out of a job for four years.) trabajo

2) (a piece of work or a task: I have several jobs to do before going to bed.) tarea

•

- give up as a bad job

job n

1. trabajo / empleo

2. tarea / trabajo

tr[ʤəʊb]

noun

1 Job

job ['ʤɑb] n

1) : trabajo m

he did odd jobs for her: le hizo algunos trabajos

2) chore, task: tarea f, quehacer m

3) employment: trabajo m, empleo m, puesto m

• Job s.m.

noun Job

1. N

1) (=employment) trabajo m, empleo m

- jobs for the boys

2) (=piece of work) trabajo m

- fall down on the job

- if a job's worth doing, it's worth doing well

3) (Comput) trabajo m

4) (=duty, responsibility)

5) * (=undertaking)

6) * (=difficulty)

7) * (=state of affairs)

- make the best of a bad job

- give sth up as a bad job

8) * (=crime) golpe * m

9) (Brit)

10) (Brit)

2. VI

1) (=do casual work) hacer trabajos temporales

2) (=work as middleman)

* * *

noun Job

1) (a person's daily work or employment: She has a job as a bank-clerk; Some of the unemployed men have been out of a job for four years.) služba

2) (a piece of work or a task: I have several jobs to do before going to bed.) opravilo

•

- give up as a bad job

* * *

delo, opravilo, posel; delo na akord; naloga, dolžnost; služba, položaj

colloquially zadeva; colloquially težka naloga; špekulacija, izrabljanje službe za privaten zaslužek; American slang nečeden posel, kraja, rop, zločin; printing akcidenčni tisk; economy job card ( —ali ticket) — seznam delavčevih delovnih ur

job order — naročilo za delo

job production — izgotovitev posamičnega dela

job specification — opis dela

job analysis — analiza dela, analiza zaposlenosti

job classification — poklicna razvrstitev

job control — sindikalni vpliv na kadrovsko politiko v podjetju

job evaluation ( —ali rating) — ocenitev dela

job rotation — rotacija delovnih mest

on the job training — izobrazba na delovnem mestu

odd jobs — priložnostna dela

bad job — slaba stvar, težek položaj, neuspeh

a good job (too) — (res) sreča

by the job — na akord, od kosa plačano delo

job time — čas za delo na akord

job wage — plačilo za delo na akord

out of a job — brezposeln

job for the boys — služba za pristaše (politične stranke)

bank job — bančni rop

what a job! — to je obupno!

it was quite a job — bila je res težka stvar

to make a good job of it — delo res dobro opraviti

to make a thorough job of it — delo temeljito opraviti

to make the best of a bad job — popraviti, kar se še da; molče požreti, ne kazati nevolje

to give it up as a bad job — opustiti kaj, kar je brezupno

to know one's job — razumeti stvar

it is your job to do — it tvoja naloga je, da to narediš

to be on the job — pridno delati, paziti

this is not everybody's job — to delo ni za vsakega

to pull a job — zagrešiti zločin

to do s.o.'s job for him — ali to do a job on s.o. — uničiti koga, likvidirati koga

a put-up job — naprej dogovorjen zločin, prevara

American to lie down on the job — zanemarjati delo, zabušavati

American colloquially she is a tough job — ona je žilava

delati na akord; špekulirati, igrati na borzi, trgovati z delnicami; priložnostno delati;

dati akordno delo; preprodajati, špekulirati s, z; najeti, dati v najem (konja, voz); izrabljati službo za privaten zaslužek ali korist; uničiti koga

to job out — dati akordno delo

to job s.o. into a post — vriniti koga na položaj

to job off goods — prodati robo pod ceno

American slang to job s.o. out of — oslepariti koga za kaj

vbod, zbodljaj, sunek; potegljaj z brzdo

zbosti, prebosti; izbosti ( out), izbezati; potegniti konja za brzdo;

bosti, udariti (at)

(a) (employment, post) travail m, emploi m;

∎ to look for a job chercher du travail ou un emploi;

∎ to lose one's job perdre son emploi;

∎ to be out of a job être sans travail ou emploi

American job action action f revendicative;

job advertisement offre f d'emploi;

ADMINISTRATION job analysis analyse f des tâches;

job application demande f d'emploi;

job application form formulaire m de candidature;

job assignment assignation f des tâches;

job classification classification f des emplois;

job creation création f d'emplois;

job creation scheme programme m de création d'emplois;

job description description f de poste;

job enlargement élargissement m des tâches;

job enrichment enrichissement m des tâches;

job evaluation évaluation f des tâches;

job hunter demandeur m d'emploi;

job hunting recherche f d'un emploi;

∎ to go/be job hunting aller/être à la recherche d'un emploi;

job interview entretien m d'embauche;

job losses suppressions f pl d'emploi;

job market marché m de l'emploi;

job offer offre d'emploi;

job opportunities débouchés m pl, perspectives f pl d'emploi;

job prospects perspectives de carrière;

job protection protection f de l'emploi;

job rotation rotation f des postes;

job satisfaction satisfaction f professionnelle;

∎ although the pay is quite low, there is a high level of job satisfaction bien que le salaire soit assez bas, c'est un poste qui procure une grande satisfaction;

job security sécurité f d'emploi;

∎ talks of a merger caused speculation about job security les rumeurs de fusion ont nourri les conjectures quant à la sécurité des emplois concernés;

job seeker demandeur(euse) m, f d'emploi;

job sharing partage m de poste;

job specification description f de l'emploi;

job title fonction f;

job vacancy poste m à pourvoir

(b) (piece of work, task) tâche f, travail m;

∎ to do a job faire un travail

(c) job lot lot m;

∎ to buy sth as a job lot acheter qch en lot;

∎ they sold off the surplus as a job lot ils ont vendu tout l'excédent en un seul lot

▸ job out transitive verb

sous-traiter;

∎ they jobbed out the work to three different firms ils ont confié le travail à trois sous-traitants

1) Общая лексика: Jewish Telegraphic Agency

2) Военный термин: Joint Task Analysis, Joint Travel Agreement, job task analysis, joint table of allowance, joint tenancy agreement, joint test assemblies, (A) Joint Table of Allowances, (A) Joint Transfer Agreement, (A) Joint Technical Architecture (Army)

3) Вычислительная техника: Joint Technical Architecture (JIEO, Mil.), Java Transaction API (Java, API), java transaction API

4) Химическое оружие: Joint Table of Allowances

5) Имена и фамилии: Jace The Ace

1. job task analysis - анализ выполняемой задачи;

2. joint technical architecture - объединённая техническая архитектура

1) язык || языковой

2) машинный язык; набор символов ( машины)

•

- algorithmic language

the measurement and analysis of the motions or steps involved in a particular task and the time taken to complete each one. Time and motion study can be broken down into two distinct techniques: method study, the analysis of how people work and how jobs are performed, and work measurement, the time taken to complete each job. It can be used to set job standards, simplify work, and check and improve the efficiency of workers. Time and motion study is similar to the broader concept of work study.

   1) There Are Ideas That Have Their Own True and Immutable Nature

   And what I believe to be more important here is that I find in myself an infinity of ideas of certain things which cannot be assumed to be pure nothingness, even though they may have perhaps no existence outside of my thought. These things are not figments of my imagination, even though it is within my power to think of them or not to think of them; on the contrary, they have their own true and immutable natures. Thus, for example, when I imagine a triangle, even though there may perhaps be no such figure anywhere in the world outside of my thought, nor ever have been, nevertheless the figure cannot help having a certain determinate nature... or essence, which is immutable and eternal, which I have not invented and which does not in any way depend upon my mind. (Descartes, 1951, p. 61)

   2) Examine What Is within Our Reach

   Let us console ourselves for not knowing the possible connections between a spider and the rings of Saturn, and continue to examine what is within our reach. (Voltaire, 1961, p. 144)

   3) Modern Philosophy Starts with the Cartesian Catastrophe

   As modern physics started with the Newtonian revolution, so modern philosophy starts with what one might call the Cartesian Catastrophe. The catastrophe consisted in the splitting up of the world into the realms of matter and mind, and the identification of "mind" with conscious thinking. The result of this identification was the shallow rationalism of l'esprit Cartesien, and an impoverishment of psychology which it took three centuries to remedy even in part. (Koestler, 1964, p. 148)

   4) The Rightful Claims of Philosophy

   It has been made of late a reproach against natural philosophy that it has struck out on a path of its own, and has separated itself more and more widely from the other sciences which are united by common philological and historical studies. The opposition has, in fact, been long apparent, and seems to me to have grown up mainly under the influence of the Hegelian philosophy, or, at any rate, to have been brought out into more distinct relief by that philosophy.... The sole object of Kant's "Critical Philosophy" was to test the sources and the authority of our knowledge, and to fix a definite scope and standard for the researches of philosophy, as compared with other sciences.... [But Hegel's] "Philosophy of Identity" was bolder. It started with the hypothesis that not only spiritual phenomena, but even the actual world-nature, that is, and man-were the result of an act of thought on the part of a creative mind, similar, it was supposed, in kind to the human mind.... The philosophers accused the scientific men of narrowness; the scientific men retorted that the philosophers were crazy. And so it came about that men of science began to lay some stress on the banishment of all philosophic influences from their work; while some of them, including men of the greatest acuteness, went so far as to condemn philosophy altogether, not merely as useless, but as mischievous dreaming. Thus, it must be confessed, not only were the illegitimate pretensions of the Hegelian system to subordinate to itself all other studies rejected, but no regard was paid to the rightful claims of philosophy, that is, the criticism of the sources of cognition, and the definition of the functions of the intellect. (Helmholz, quoted in Dampier, 1966, pp. 291-292)

   5) The Philosophy of Philosophy

   Philosophy remains true to its classical tradition by renouncing it. (Habermas, 1972, p. 317)

   6) Philosophy Is a Field Which Has Certain Central Questions

   I have not attempted... to put forward any grand view of the nature of philosophy; nor do I have any such grand view to put forth if I would. It will be obvious that I do not agree with those who see philosophy as the history of "howlers" and progress in philosophy as the debunking of howlers. It will also be obvious that I do not agree with those who see philosophy as the enterprise of putting forward a priori truths about the world.... I see philosophy as a field which has certain central questions, for example, the relation between thought and reality.... It seems obvious that in dealing with these questions philosophers have formulated rival research programs, that they have put forward general hypotheses, and that philosophers within each major research program have modified their hypotheses by trial and error, even if they sometimes refuse to admit that that is what they are doing. To that extent philosophy is a "science." To argue about whether philosophy is a science in any more serious sense seems to me to be hardly a useful occupation.... It does not seem to me important to decide whether science is philosophy or philosophy is science as long as one has a conception of both that makes both essential to a responsible view of the world and of man's place in it. (Putnam, 1975, p. xvii)

   7) The Central Task of Philosophy

   What can philosophy contribute to solving the problem of the relation [of] mind to body? Twenty years ago, many English-speaking philosophers would have answered: "Nothing beyond an analysis of the various mental concepts." If we seek knowledge of things, they thought, it is to science that we must turn. Philosophy can only cast light upon our concepts of those things.

   This retreat from things to concepts was not undertaken lightly. Ever since the seventeenth century, the great intellectual fact of our culture has been the incredible expansion of knowledge both in the natural and in the rational sciences (mathematics, logic).

   The success of science created a crisis in philosophy. What was there for philosophy to do? Hume had already perceived the problem in some degree, and so surely did Kant, but it was not until the twentieth century, with the Vienna Circle and with Wittgenstein, that the difficulty began to weigh heavily. Wittgenstein took the view that philosophy could do no more than strive to undo the intellectual knots it itself had tied, so achieving intellectual release, and even a certain illumination, but no knowledge. A little later, and more optimistically, Ryle saw a positive, if reduced role, for philosophy in mapping the "logical geography" of our concepts: how they stood to each other and how they were to be analyzed....

   Since that time, however, philosophers in the "analytic" tradition have swung back from Wittgensteinian and even Rylean pessimism to a more traditional conception of the proper role and tasks of philosophy. Many analytic philosophers now would accept the view that the central task of philosophy is to give an account, or at least play a part in giving an account, of the most general nature of things and of man. (Armstrong, 1990, pp. 37-38)

   8) Philosophy's Evolving Engagement with Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science

   In the beginning, the nature of philosophy's engagement with artificial intelligence and cognitive science was clear enough. The new sciences of the mind were to provide the long-awaited vindication of the most potent dreams of naturalism and materialism. Mind would at last be located firmly within the natural order. We would see in detail how the most perplexing features of the mental realm could be supported by the operations of solely physical laws upon solely physical stuff. Mental causation (the power of, e.g., a belief to cause an action) would emerge as just another species of physical causation. Reasoning would be understood as a kind of automated theorem proving. And the key to both was to be the depiction of the brain as the implementation of multiple higher level programs whose task was to manipulate and transform symbols or representations: inner items with one foot in the physical (they were realized as brain states) and one in the mental (they were bearers of contents, and their physical gymnastics were cleverly designed to respect semantic relationships such as truth preservation). (A. Clark, 1996, p. 1)

   9) The Enduring Value of Philosophy

   Socrates of Athens famously declared that "the unexamined life is not worth living," and his motto aptly explains the impulse to philosophize. Taking nothing for granted, philosophy probes and questions the fundamental presuppositions of every area of human inquiry.... [P]art of the job of the philosopher is to keep at a certain critical distance from current doctrines, whether in the sciences or the arts, and to examine instead how the various elements in our world-view clash, or fit together. Some philosophers have tried to incorporate the results of these inquiries into a grand synoptic view of the nature of reality and our human relationship to it. Others have mistrusted system-building, and seen their primary role as one of clarifications, or the removal of obstacles along the road to truth. But all have shared the Socratic vision of using the human intellect to challenge comfortable preconceptions, insisting that every aspect of human theory and practice be subjected to continuing critical scrutiny....

   Philosophy is, of course, part of a continuing tradition, and there is much to be gained from seeing how that tradition originated and developed. But the principal object of studying the materials in this book is not to pay homage to past genius, but to enrich one's understanding of central problems that are as pressing today as they have always been-problems about knowledge, truth and reality, the nature of the mind, the basis of right action, and the best way to live. These questions help to mark out the territory of philosophy as an academic discipline, but in a wider sense they define the human predicament itself; they will surely continue to be with us for as long as humanity endures. (Cottingham, 1996, pp. xxi-xxii)

    10) The Distinction between Dionysian Man and Apollonian Man, between Art and Creativity and Reason and Self- Control

   In his study of ancient Greek culture, The Birth of Tragedy, Nietzsche drew what would become a famous distinction, between the Dionysian spirit, the untamed spirit of art and creativity, and the Apollonian, that of reason and self-control. The story of Greek civilization, and all civilizations, Nietzsche implied, was the gradual victory of Apollonian man, with his desire for control over nature and himself, over Dionysian man, who survives only in myth, poetry, music, and drama. Socrates and Plato had attacked the illusions of art as unreal, and had overturned the delicate cultural balance by valuing only man's critical, rational, and controlling consciousness while denigrating his vital life instincts as irrational and base. The result of this division is "Alexandrian man," the civilized and accomplished Greek citizen of the later ancient world, who is "equipped with the greatest forces of knowledge" but in whom the wellsprings of creativity have dried up. (Herman, 1997, pp. 95-96)